El Niño is a natural climate phenomenon characterized by unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It occurs as part of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle and can influence weather patterns across many parts of the world. Its effects may include changes in rainfall, droughts, flooding, and temperature extremes, depending on the region. Understanding this phenomenon helps scientists and communities prepare for potential weather-related challenges.

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